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Foreign trade. International trade --- United Kingdom --- Prices --- Exports --- Mathematical models --- Great Britain --- Commerce --- Mathematical models. --- Prices - Great Britain - Mathematical models --- Exports - Great Britain - Mathematical models --- Great Britain - Commerce - Mathematical models
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This study reviews recent developments in international trade policies in selected industrial countries. It was prepared for the June 1981 World Economic Outlook.
International Trade --- Business & Economics --- Investments: Commodities --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Taxation --- Trade: General --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Agriculture: General --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Investment & securities --- Imports --- Exports --- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade --- Trade barriers --- Tariffs --- International trade --- Taxes --- Import quotas --- Commercial policy --- Commercial treaties --- Tariff --- United States
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This paper discusses the appointment of A. W. Clausen as the new World Bank president. Mr. Clausen, 57, joined the Bank of America in 1949 as a trainee just out of the University of Minnesota law school and rose to become president of the San Francisco-based institution 21 years later. His career at the Bank of America spanned 31 years, and he played an important role in the bank’s expansion in the United States and overseas. Mr. Clausen has been bestowed many honors, including the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.
Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Trade: General --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Financial Institutions and Services: General --- International economics --- Monetary economics --- Labour --- income economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Business enterprises --- Public sector --- Exports --- Education --- Imports --- Economic sectors --- International trade --- Inflation --- Prices --- Balance of payments --- Finance, Public --- Credit --- Egypt, Arab Republic of
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This paper reviews the “significant impact” of World Bank lending for the rural poor. The paper highlights that a review of 130 World Bank lending operations has found that 94 percent of the total investments completed between 1976 and 1979 have appeared to achieve their major objectives or are well on their way to doing so. And the World Bank’s first projects for helping large numbers of poor small farmers have significantly improved farmers’ productivity and incomes. Most of the projects were launched in the 1970s.
Investments: Energy --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Macroeconomics --- Trade: General --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Energy: General --- International economics --- Monetary economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Finance --- Investment & securities --- Exchange rates --- Exports --- Currencies --- Bank credit --- Oil --- International trade --- Money --- Commodities --- Credit --- Petroleum industry and trade --- United States
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This paper reviews economic stabilization and growth in Portugal during the 1970s. Following a decade of rapid growth with external equilibrium, the Portuguese economy in the early 1970s suffered a series of major shocks. The paper highlights that the problem of managing economic growth with a balance-of-payments constraint was new to Portugal. The paper reviews the issues that had to be resolved to develop an effective program. The economic outturn is also critically examined in this paper.
Portugal --- Business & Economics --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Trade: General --- Public Enterprises --- Public-Private Enterprises --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- International economics --- Monetary economics --- Civil service & public sector --- Labour --- income economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Public sector --- Exports --- Real wages --- Credit --- Exchange rates --- Economic sectors --- International trade --- Monetary expansion --- Monetary policy --- Money --- Finance, Public --- Wages --- Balance of payments
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The external indebtedness of non-oil developing countries has been of growing concern in recent years. Several factors have brought the debt issue to the forefront of the problems facing a number of countries, including the rapid rise in extenal debt in the recent past, changes in the composition of debt (toward a greater proportion owed to commercial banks) and the attendant deterioration in the terms of debt, and the rise in debt service resulting from these developments.
Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Financial Risk Management --- Inflation --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Industries: Financial Services --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Trade: General --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- International economics --- Finance --- Banking --- Macroeconomics --- Monetary economics --- Public finance & taxation --- External debt --- Debt service --- Debt renegotiation --- Asset and liability management --- Arrears --- Prices --- Bank credit --- Money --- Debts, External --- Banks and banking --- Exports --- Loans --- Credit --- India
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This paper highlights that the financial activity of the IMF reached a new peak in the first three quarters of 1981 in terms of the number of arrangements with members involving high conditionality on the use of the IMF’s resources, the total amount of resources committed under existing arrangements, and the magnitude of actual purchases. There were 25 stand-by arrangements in effect at the end of September 1981, as well as 16 extended arrangements. The total amount of resources made available to member countries in the first nine months of 1981 was SDR 9.3 billion.
Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Inflation --- Infrastructure --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- Financial Aspects of Economic Integration --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Labor Economics: General --- International economics --- Finance --- Banking --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Labour --- income economics --- Monetary economics --- Oil prices --- Monetary unions --- Economic integration --- Loans --- Financial institutions --- Labor --- Saving and investment --- Banks and banking --- Brazil
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Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Industries: Financial Services --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Monetary economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Banking --- International economics --- Finance --- Currencies --- Multiple currency practices --- Credit --- Loans --- Money --- Banks and banking --- United States
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This study indentifies some of the taxation problems most frequently encountered by Fund member countries in sub-Saharan Africa and seeks solutions that may be useful to either the region as a whole or to groups of countries in the region.
Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Taxation --- Agribusiness --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Trade: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Excise taxes --- International economics --- Sales tax, tariffs & customs duties --- Income and capital gains taxes --- Income tax systems --- Tax incentives --- Value-added tax --- Revenue administration --- Taxes --- Public expenditure review --- Expenditure --- Income tax --- Spendings tax --- Expenditures, Public --- Revenue --- Tariff --- Income --- Central African Republic
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Volume 26 of the Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes records for the first time a strange episode in the development of the International Monetary Fund.
Foreign exchange rates. --- Exchange rates --- Fixed exchange rates --- Flexible exchange rates --- Floating exchange rates --- Fluctuating exchange rates --- Foreign exchange --- Rates of exchange --- Rates --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- International Financial Markets --- Monetary economics --- Currency --- International economics --- Finance --- Currencies --- Freely usable currencies --- Arrears --- Currency markets --- Money --- External debt --- Financial markets --- Exchange restrictions --- Foreign exchange market --- Debts, External --- International finance --- United Kingdom
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